The Art Of Batik

Batik in history

Use of batik in the traditional couture has its roots in the early days of Malay civilization. Worn by royals to nobles to peasants, batik has manifested itself as a popular and practical indigenous crafts. Arts whose application transcend boundaries of social status. In literary tradition, mention of batik has appeared in a number of folklores. Mention of batik as a parting gifts of love in Hikayat Malim Deman and as a bestow of honor in Hikayat Hang Tuah. In the more recent cinematic art - in the movie Sumpah Orang Minyak (P. Ramli 1968) batik was portrayed as an expression of forbidden love. And in Fenomena (M.Nasir 1996) Ramona in batik lepas (one piece batik cloth) taking the mandi bunga (flower bath)was simply memorable.

Batik in recent time
Use of batik in recent time was given impetus with it being accorded national status - worn by dignitaries for official and state function. Often visit to batik factories were made part and parcel of state visit and wearing of batik at state reception by foreign dignitaries symbolize closeness of relationship between nations.

Development in batik design
Batik design has evolved from the original version of prints (batik terap) to assimilate influences of popular art particularly Indonesian's Batik Jawa design. In hand-drawn batik, the tjanting method earlier used by Indonesian found its way into Malaysia coupled with introduction of dye suitable for silk printing lead to a boom in batik design industry in mid 90s. Batik Terengganu, particularly the block print has a unique position in batik tradition even if it is said to be influenced by Javanese style. As far as I can remember, local manufacturers persisted on its technique and design uniqueness though faced with imports of Indonesian blocks.

Challenge in the industry
Development of batik is dependent on various factors ranging from design, materials and craftsman to popular trends. The boom of late 90s has considerably waned due to over supply and the lack of quality control. Copycats were the order of the day. The industry's dependency on imported textiles and dyes prove to be its Achilles heel. Without a government trade protection policy, the high cost of raw material imports, the local producers over-competition and changing taste to imported prints, batik now appear to head to its twilight.

The batik future
Batik survival and evolution through the ages is a factor that will ensure it longevity. The art shall survive the industry and with the cyclical fashion trends, it may be popular again. What it takes is new ideas and approach.

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History Of Batik in Indonesia

History of Batik Indonesia

Batik is historically derived from ancestral times, known since the seventeenth century, written and painted on palm leaves. At that time batik motif or pattern is still dominated by the form of animals and plants. But in the history of batik development evolved, namely from painting motifs of animals and plants gradually turn to an abstract pattern that resembles a cloud, temple reliefs, wayang beber and so on. Next through the merger of the painting style of clothing decorated with art, batik art emerged as we know it today.

The type and style of traditional batik quite so much, but the pattern and variations in accordance with the philosophy and culture of each region are very diverse. The cultural treasures of this rich Indonesia has led to the birth of batik style and types of specialties tradisioanal with their own characteristics.

The development of Batik in Indonesia
History of batik in Indonesia related to the development of the kingdom of Majapahit kingdom and beyond. In some records, the development of batik is often committed in times of Mataram kingdom, then in the kingdom of Solo and Yogyakarta.

Art is the art of batik on fabric image for clothing that was one of the family culture of Indonesian kings of old. Batik initially done only in a limited course and outcome palace for the king and the family clothing and his followers. Because many of the followers of the king who lived outside the palace, the art of batik was taken by them out of court and be done in place of each.

In the development of batik art gradually imitated by the people of this and the next nearest extends to the work of women in the household to fill his spare time. Furthermore, batik clothing was only the royal family, then became a popular folk clothes, both women and men.

White fabric that is used when it is woven themselves. Medium coloring materials used consist of native plants homemade Indonesia among others, from: mengkudu tree, tall, Soga, indigo, and flat materials made from soda ash, as well as salts made from mud.

So this batik in Indonesia has been known since the days of the Majapahit kingdom and continue to grow until the next kingdom. The start spreading this batik art belongs to the people of Indonesia and Java in particular tribe is after the end of the eighteenth century or early nineteenth century. Produced batik batik is all until the early twentieth century and printed batik is known only after the world war was over unity or around the year 1920. Now batik has become part of traditional Indonesian clothing.


Pekalongan Batik
Although no official records began to be known when the batik in Pekalongan, but according to existing estimates of batik in Pekalongan around the year 1800. Even according to the data recorded at the Ministry, batik motif was created in 1802, as a small tree motif of clothing materials.

However, significant progress could have occurred after a major war in 1825-1830 in the Mataram kingdom, often referred to by the Diponegoro war or a war of Java. With the war court is urging families and their followers who left the region many kingdoms. They then spread to the East and West. Later in the area - new area of the family and followers develop batik.

To the east of Solo and Yogyakarta batik style batik refine existing in Mojokerto and Tulungagung to spread to Gresik, Surabaya and Madura. Westward was developed in Banyumas batik, Kebumen, Tegal, Cirebon and Pekalongan. With this migration, the batik Pekalongan existing growing.

Over time, Batik Pekalongan experiencing rapid development compared with other regions. Batik in this area grew around coastal areas, namely in the cities and towns of Pekalongan Buaran, Pekajangan and Wonopringgo.

Pekalongan public encounter with the various nations such as China, Dutch, Arabs, Indians, Malays and Japanese in the past has colored the dynamics in full color motifs and batik art.

In connection with the several types of batik motif influence the results from various countries who came to be known as the identity of Pekalongan batik. The motive was, the batik Jlamprang, inspired from Indian and Arab Affairs. Then batik Encim and Klengenan, influenced by the Peranakan Chinese. Dutch batik, batik Morning Afternoon, and batik Hokokai, growing rapidly since the Japanese occupation.


Cultural development of printing techniques dyed cap motifs using night (candles) on the cloth that came to be called batik, it could not be removed from the influence of those countries. This shows the flexibility of the context of batik from time to time.

Pekalongan batik became very distinctive because it relies entirely on hundreds of small businesses, rather than on a handful of large capital entrepreneurs. Since many years ago until now, most of Pekalongan batik production process is done in homes. As a result, batik Pekalongan closely integrated with community life Pekalongan now divided into two administrative regions, and the Municipality of Pekalongan Pekalongan Regency.

Development tidal batik Pekalongan, Pekalongan show worthy of being an icon for the development of batik in Indonesia. The icon for the work of art that never gave up with the times and always dynamic. Now batik has become the breath of daily life Pekalongan residents and is one of superior products. This is because many industries that produce batik products. Since the famous batik product, known as the City of Pekalongan BATIK. The nickname comes from a long tradition rooted in Pekalongan. During that long period, various properties, various utility, type design, as well as batik quality is determined by the climate and the existence of local fibers, historical factors, trade and community preparedness to receive and understand new ideas.

Batik is a work of art is admired the world culture, among the traditional varieties produced by dye technology hurdles, none of which can present as beautiful and as smooth as Pekalongan batik.

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Know More About Indonesia Batik

Talking about batik is always identical to the Java community. This is certainly not out of any motive or images on fabric that comes from the kingdom in the area of Java. But perhaps not many people (especially young people) who know how the origins of batik. Especially learn more about the various types of motives and philosophy.

For that, with the guidance of a batik museum curator I would invite you to a little strip of various traditional motifs which until today is still widely used by the Java community. "Actually, batik has become a popular community for the rule of the king who was considered representative of the god in the 1927's," said Drs. Haryono alias Pak Bejo Bejo start talking about batik.

"When talking about the motive, is very broad. Because we are racing at some sources that we have said." Soesanto Sewan For example, he divides batik in nine groups by name, the slope, cement, machetes, truntum, kawung, gringsing, fried, nitik, motive periphery, and the bright moon. While based on the research centers of batik, motive was divided into three groups, the motive figurative, semi-figurative, and non-figurative. Another grouping is based on the color, the Cinnamon (red), Bangjo (red-green), and kelengan (purple). Some are grouped according to pembatiknya own batik like, Wan Tirto and Harjo Negoro.

"But generally divided into two kinds of batik, which is geometric and non geometric. This is according Vanderhoop," continued the father of two children. Or geometric motifs based on geometry can be seen on batik drawing lines like kawung, machetes, and banners. "In philosophy, this batik describes the bureaucracy in government. There is order from the king to the people, or the term unity gusti subjects."

While non-geometric motifs freer batik can be found in cement, or a picture of animals, plants, forests, and the like. "Yes, it describes the life of cement, which is a semi-life. Semi grows, grows it develops. Well, people who wear batik have hope that his life will be fulfilled with clothing, food, and shelter," continued the story while waiting for Pak Bejo a quiet museum visitors.

"In the process, people wear batik not because the meaning or philosophy, but rather on the propriety or the beauty of it."Irregularity can be seen from the many young children now wearing batik and kawung machete. Batik motive when in fact it should not be taken public, because it is only for family court. "Parang it only for the king. It refers to the customary law is unwritten," he explained.

This is not the absolute error of the younger generation. Because, even in the palace which is the root of the growth of this interpretation of batik was beginning to fade. Although there was still based on the use of that classification, but still there is fading. "However, if viewed from history, it emerged this batik and began with a side job saturated concubines, waiting for the king's visit. After that, newly developed by the artists kingdom and disseminated by the merchants. Saudagaran Batik manufacturers imitated this and then spread on community, "said the father was born in 1948.

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Origin of Batik

Batik technique has been known for thousands of years ago. There is no historical information is quite clear about the origin of batik. Some suspect this technique comes from the Sumerian, then developed in Java after being taken by Indian traders. Currently batik can be found in many countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, and Iran. Besides in Asia, batik is also very popular in some countries in the continent of Africa. However, a very famous batik in the world is batik from Indonesia, mainly from Java.

Originally built on top of batik with white material made of cotton cloth called. Today the batik is also made on other materials such as silk, polyester, rayon and other synthetic materials. Motif batik wax is formed by using a tool called a canting for subtle motifs, or brush for large motifs, so that the liquid wax to seep into the fabric fibers. Fabrics that have been painted with wax and then dyed with the desired color, usually starting from a young colors. Immersion and then taken to another motif with color or black older. After some time coloring process, which has dibatik cloth dipped in chemicals to dissolve the wax.

Batik tradition was originally a hereditary tradition, so occasionally a recognizable motif batik originated from a particular family. Some batik motif can indicate the status of a person. Even today, some tadisional batik motif is only used by the family court of Yogyakarta and Surakarta.

Batik is also first introduced to the world by President Suharto, who was then wearing a batik at the UN Conference. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) today, Friday (2/10/2009) set batik as Indonesia's cultural heritage. Day-awaited by the entire population was also used as a day of batik.

The plan, the affirmation of Indonesian batik by UNESCO will be held in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. This has been confirmed by the Ad-Interim Minister of Culture and Tourism, Mohammad Nuh encountered in Administrator, Wednesday (30/9/2009) ago.

"Inauguration of Indonesian batik by UNESCO will be approximately at 20.00 pm and the President will declare officially at 21:00 pm" said M Nuh.

Earlier, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) called on all Indonesian people to wear batik on October 2, simultaneously. This is intended as an expression of gratitude for the achievements and the grace that has been achieved by the Indonesian people. This appeal was immediately followed by the head of the region in Indonesia. Not only that, Indonesian Student Association as Malaysia (Psychology) do not miss calls Indonesian students in Malaysia to use the batik.

"Together we want to deliver news and appeals that the Indonesian Students Association of Malaysia being an intensified program we call 'BOTH BERBATIK' which is the abbreviation of" with the two October berbatik ', "said Chairman Abdullah Abbas Psychology.

The batik sellers also get a fortune from this UNESCO decision. Because the public's enthusiasm for increasing wear batik, batik they were selling were sold just like peanuts. This occurs in at least one of the batik shop in the Market Atom Phase I floor I, Surabaya.

Problem batik will be the official property of these premises, the country which also claimed Jiran batik, Malaysia is not stayed silent. UNESCO will strengthen heard batik as Indonesia's cultural heritage, Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin said that his party would study the decision of UNESCO. But until this moment not yet known whether the intention Malaysia successfully.

Indonesian batik confirmation process is quite long. Beginning on September 3, 2008 which was subsequently accepted officially by UNESCO on January 9, 2009. The next stage is testing closed by UNESCO in Paris on 11 to May 14, 2009.

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Several Types Of Batik Style

Variety Batik style and color are influenced by various foreign influences. Initially, batik has a variety of shades and colors are limited, and some patterns may only be used by certain circles. However, coastal batik absorb various external influences, such as foreign traders and also in the end, the colonialists. Bright colors like red popularized by the Indonesians, who also popularized the style of the phoenix. European colonial nations are also taking interest in batik, and the result is a style of flowers that were not known (such as tulips) and the objects brought by the colonizers (the building or carriage), as well as favorite colors they like the color blue. Retain traditional batik coraknya, and is still used in traditional ceremonies, because usually each style has a representation of each.

Mostly the batik can be grouped into several types, namely:

1. Batik Kraton

Batik Kraton beginning of all kinds of batik in Indonesia is growing. Motive meaning of life philosophy. Batik-batik is made by the court and also the daughter of batik-batik experts who live in the palace. Basically the motive was forbidden to be used by the "ordinary" as a motive Parang Barong, Parang Rusak including Udan Liris, and some other motive.

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2. Batik Sudagaran

Motif ban from the palace to stimulate artists from the merchant to create a new motive to taste the merchant community. They also change the ban so that the motive motive can the public use. Sudagaran batik designs are generally impressed with "brave" in the election form, stilisasi of natural objects or animals, or a combination of colors that dominated Soga color and dark blue. Batik Sudagaran in the process of presenting the quality of workmanship and the complexity of presenting the new decoration. Creator Sudagaran change batik batik-palace with Isen Isen complex and filled with cecek (spots) that create the most beautiful batik.

3. Batik Peasant

Batik is created as a distraction activity housewife at home when not to go to the fields or during leisure time. This batik is usually rough and clumsy and not smooth. Hereditary motive as their respective regions and batik unprofessionally done because only a sideline. For any coloring opted to merchants.

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4. Dutch Batik

Dutch citizens who are interested in a lot of Indonesian batik. They create their own motifs favored Europeans. Motive of European flowers, like tulips and motives figures famous fairy tale there.

5. Batik Chinese / Chinatown

Chinese Batik is a cultural acculturation between the nomads of the Chinese with the local culture of Indonesia. Characteristic of this batik varied and bright colors, in a display many colors of cloth. Motive contains many Chinese cultural elements such as the phoenix motifs (peacock) and the dragon. Batik pattern is more complicated and subtle.

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6. Javanese Batik Hokokai

During the Japanese occupation in the northern coast of Java was born variety called batik batik Hokokai. The dominant motif is flowers like cherry blossoms and chrysanthemums. Almost all wore Hokokai Javanese batik background (Isen, Isen) a very detailed like machetes and kawung motif in the center and the edges are filled again, for example, rice flower motifs.

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Information ABout Batik

Information About Batik

Cultural heritage is ignored
Actually a long time ago I already knew about this problem. But this time I intend to lift again, especially to be one discussion on this blog to remind us of our negligence as the cultural heir of the archipelago, especially Indonesia.

Batik

Several years ago I was surprised to hear that Kain Batik or commonly called "Jarik" by the Javanese, it has been patented by the United States as one of the Hawaiian culture? Really! Is it true that the western nations (read: the Caucasians) were trying to tarnish our nation faces in the international eye, or is this just a joke because the Indonesian people started to leave (read: ignore) heritage cultures of our ancestors?

I tried mengklarifikasinya with my friends asked a cultural observer and also an economist. Why are economists? Because this is directly related to patent a product. Moreover this is the original product archipelago since hundreds of years ago, and this is the inheritance rights of the Indonesian nation.

It is true it seems, the United States has long looked the other nation's culture as a profitable business opportunity, not only draining the natural wealth of other countries, but also deplete the culture of other countries. United States is a country that was inhabited by various nations. They did not have an official culture. Indian culture (or the original name of this nation called Arawak) is the native cultures of the American soil, but the United States itself does not recognize them as a culture because of bad relations with the Indians since the British colonists began to open on American soil.

In the international world of Batik is currently intensively promoted as belonging to the United States.

United States Patent for Batik since it has happened a few years ago (I do not know when exactly) and conducted without the knowledge of the Indonesian nation as the heir than Batik Nusantara. Batik is already there since the time of the Kingdom-Hindu-Buddhist kingdom. Batik is usually used as formal wear and everyday clothing Nusantara society at that time. Batik also determine the level of one's position at that time. The more fine and intricate patterns found in the wearing Batik, the higher the position of that person. Usually the first royal royal order high-quality batik at a Batik craftsmen who have been known to make batik with the best quality.

Batik is estimated first in the Land archipelago from Java. Then began to spread to Bali, Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara Islands, Sumatra, and Sulawesi. Batik-Batik Nusantara famous of which is Javanese batik from Yogyakarta, Pekalongan, Solo, Cirebon, Banyumas, and Madura. Whereas for other regions of Batik is the famous Batik from Balikpapan Kalimantan and has its own characteristics. To the center of culture and the study itself Batik currently are in Yogyakarta.

Batik is one of the oldest cultures of Indonesia, is being called into question its very existence to the treasury of the nation's children. The more rapid growth of world textile industry has led to the popularity of Batik in Indonesia society views fading. Especially with dipatenkannya Batik by the United States as a result of Hawaiian crafts, have tarnished our name as the owner's own batik. Is it possible in the future of our generation will be known as the cultural heritage of Batik ancestors Indonesia? Or do they even know Batik as other peoples work for our negligence in maintaining our own culture?

Batik (or word Batik) comes from Javanese language "amba", meaning to write and "nitik". The word batik itself meruju the pattern-making techniques - using a canting or cap - and dyeing cloth using the color barrier material pattern "night" (wax) is applied over the fabric, so stop the entry of dye. In English, this technique is known as wax-resist dyeing. So is the batik cloth with decoration or pattern created by canting and cap by using the night as the color barrier material. This technique can be applied only on the material made from natural fibers such as cotton, silk, wool and can not be applied on the cloth with man-made fibers (polyester). Cloth-making style and coloring are not using this technique known as batik patterned cloth - usually made in industrial-scale printing technique (print) - not a batik cloth.

Batik is a craft that has high artistic value and has become part of the culture of Indonesia (especially Java) for a long time. Javanese women in the past made their skills in batik for a living, so in the past, batik work is exclusively women's work until the invention of "Batik Cap" which allows the entry of men into the field. There are some exceptions to this phenomenon, namely that the coastal batik masculine lines as you can see in shades of "Mega Clouds", which in some coastal areas batik work is common for men.

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